{ "title": "Fact admission — reference cases", "articles": [ "https://tinor.io/journal/an-ai-answer-is-not-a-fact", "https://tinor.io/journal/toward-zero-invalid-state-admissions" ], "nature": "Synthetic data. Fictional organisations and messages. Expected outcomes and reasons are human-defined.", "outcomes": { "ADMIT": "admit as proposed, with the stated attribution and evidence class", "ADMIT-QUALIFIED": "admit only as a weaker proposition or an evidence-only note", "HOLD": "do not admit yet; a specific question or confirmation is needed", "REFUSE": "do not admit; the stated reason applies", "NO-CHANGE": "the request should change nothing" }, "strength": { "REFUSE": 0, "HOLD": 0, "NO-CHANGE": 0, "ADMIT-QUALIFIED": 1, "ADMIT": 2 }, "reasons": { "subject_ambiguous": "HOLD: the subject matches more than one organisation; ask which", "quote_not_in_source": "REFUSE: the quoted text does not occur in the cited material", "period_missing": "HOLD: a rate with no stated period cannot fill a measurement field; ask which period", "not_entitled_to_commit": "REFUSE: the submitting account is not entitled to commit the company", "stronger_than_source": "ADMIT-QUALIFIED: the source supports only a weaker, conditional proposition", "confirmations_pending": "HOLD: not every party the change binds has confirmed it", "as_subject_transcription": "ADMIT: as the subject's own transcription, at that assurance level", "assurance_claimed_for_other_party": "REFUSE: assurance is claimed on behalf of another party", "independent_issuer": "ADMIT: issued by an independent party with standing", "field_not_declared": "REFUSE: the record carries a field the target contract does not declare" }, "reasonVocabulary": "Reasons are this file's own descriptive labels, not Tinor's internal vocabulary. Outputs scored against this file must use one of them, or null.", "stages": "stopsAt names one of six high-level stages: Interpretation, Typed Candidate, Assessment, Human Confirmation and authority, Owner Commit / Durable Record, Read.", "tinorCoverageValues": { "tested": "Tinor's own automated tests exercise the corresponding behaviour (Tinor's claim; nothing in this folder checks it)", "integration-test": "covered by a Tinor test that needs a database", "design": "described in Tinor's design records; no test cited" }, "cases": [ { "id": "a01-wrong-entity-binding", "title": "Same name, two organisations", "input": "Email signature: 'Northfield — Sales'. Body: 'Our HX-40 lead time is now six weeks.'", "candidate": { "target": "lead_time", "subject": "org:northfield-precision", "value": "6", "unit": "week" }, "context": "Two registered organisations are named Northfield: org:northfield-components (the buyer's supplier) and org:northfield-precision. The model bound the email to the second because its directory entry was the closer text match.", "expected": { "outcome": "HOLD", "reason": "subject_ambiguous" }, "stopsAt": "Assessment", "tinorCoverage": "integration-test", "why": "A name match is not evidence of identity. The candidate cannot be bound until a person chooses the entity; nothing is admitted against either organisation in the meantime." }, { "id": "a02-missing-evidence", "title": "The quote is not in the document", "input": "Supplier upload: resin test report PDF for grade PC-ABS 2200. Model summary: 'The report shows PC-ABS 2400 meets UL 94 V-0 at 1.5 mm.'", "candidate": { "target": "material_test_result", "subject": "material:pc-abs-2400", "value": "V-0", "grounding": { "material": "report-2200.pdf", "quote": "PC-ABS 2400 ... V-0 at 1.5 mm" } }, "context": "The cited material is a report on a different grade. The quoted span does not occur in it.", "expected": { "outcome": "REFUSE", "reason": "quote_not_in_source" }, "stopsAt": "Assessment", "tinorCoverage": "design", "why": "A candidate must point to text that exists in the material on record. A plausible summary of a neighbouring document is not grounding." }, { "id": "a03-wrong-field-semantics", "title": "A rate hidden in the unit", "input": "Sales deck, slide 4: 'Capacity: 46,000 units/month.'", "candidate": { "target": "capacity_measurement", "subject": "org:northfield-components", "value": "46000", "unit": "units/month", "period": null }, "context": "The capacity target requires a count over an explicit interval. 'Per month' names no month.", "expected": { "outcome": "HOLD", "reason": "period_missing" }, "stopsAt": "Assessment", "tinorCoverage": "tested", "why": "The value may be right, but the field cannot hold it without knowing which month and on what basis. The remedy is a question, not a refusal of the supplier." }, { "id": "a04-unauthorised-commitment", "title": "A commitment from an account that cannot commit", "input": "Email from a sales coordinator: 'Confirmed: 20,000 HX-40 housings delivered by 30 November at USD 1.85.'", "candidate": { "target": "agreement_change_set", "commitment": { "debtor": "org:northfield-components", "creditor": "org:buyer-b", "object": "20000 HX-40 housings", "dueAt": "2026-11-30", "price": "USD 1.85" } }, "context": "The coordinator's account may submit records but is not authorised to commit Northfield Components.", "expected": { "outcome": "REFUSE", "reason": "not_entitled_to_commit" }, "stopsAt": "Assessment", "tinorCoverage": "tested", "why": "Being able to call the write API is not authority to bind the company. Permission to submit records is not permission to commit on the company's behalf." }, { "id": "a05-proposition-too-strong", "title": "A hedge promoted to a promise", "input": "Email from Northfield's sales director: 'We should be able to ship the 20,000 housings by end of November, assuming the resin arrives on time.'", "candidate": { "target": "agreement_change_set", "commitment": { "object": "20000 HX-40 housings", "dueAt": "2026-11-30" } }, "context": "The sender has authority to commit, but the sentence is conditional and hedged. The model dropped both the condition and 'should be able to'.", "expected": { "outcome": "ADMIT-QUALIFIED", "reason": "stronger_than_source" }, "stopsAt": "Assessment", "tinorCoverage": "design", "why": "What the source supports is a dated, attributed expectation with its condition attached: an evidence-only note. Recording it as a delivery commitment would create an obligation nobody made." }, { "id": "a06-needs-confirmation", "title": "A firm quote that is not yet an agreement", "input": "Email from Northfield's sales director: 'We offer 20,000 HX-40 housings, delivery by 30 November 2026, USD 1.85 per unit, valid until 31 October.'", "candidate": { "target": "agreement_change_set", "commitment": { "debtor": "org:northfield-components", "creditor": "org:buyer-b", "object": "20000 HX-40 housings", "dueAt": "2026-11-30", "price": "USD 1.85" } }, "context": "The sender may commit for Northfield. The buyer has not confirmed. The proposer listed only itself as a required confirmer.", "expected": { "outcome": "HOLD", "reason": "confirmations_pending" }, "stopsAt": "Human Confirmation and authority", "tinorCoverage": "tested", "why": "An offer becomes shared state only when every party the change affects confirms the same change set. The required set is derived from the change, so the proposer cannot shrink it." }, { "id": "a07-valid-transcription", "title": "An honest self-declared transcription", "input": "Supplier record: 'Flammability test report FR-118 for PC-ABS 2200, issued by Lakeside Labs, result V-0 at 1.5 mm.' Recorded by the supplier, marked as its own transcription.", "candidate": { "target": "assessment_report", "subject": "material:pc-abs-2200", "attestation_source": "transcribed", "issuer": "org:northfield-components" }, "context": "The supplier claims nothing more than that it transcribed the report it holds.", "expected": { "outcome": "ADMIT", "reason": "as_subject_transcription" }, "stopsAt": "Owner Commit / Durable Record", "tinorCoverage": "tested", "why": "A self-declared claim is valid when it says what it is. It is admitted as the supplier's transcription, at that assurance level and no higher." }, { "id": "a08-forged-assurance", "title": "The supplier writes the lab's attestation", "input": "Same report, but the supplier's event marks it 'attested by Lakeside Labs' and names the lab as assessor.", "candidate": { "target": "assessment_report", "subject": "material:pc-abs-2200", "attestation_source": "issuer_attested", "assessor": "org:lakeside-labs", "issuer": "org:northfield-components" }, "context": "The event is signed by the supplier's account, not the lab's.", "expected": { "outcome": "REFUSE", "reason": "assurance_claimed_for_other_party" }, "stopsAt": "Assessment", "tinorCoverage": "tested", "why": "Only the lab can attest as the lab. A supplier claiming third-party assurance on the lab's behalf is refused rather than admitted at a lower level." }, { "id": "a09-independent-issuer", "title": "The lab issues its own report", "input": "Lakeside Labs records report FR-118 under its own account, naming itself as assessor.", "candidate": { "target": "assessment_report", "subject": "material:pc-abs-2200", "attestation_source": "issuer_attested", "assessor": "org:lakeside-labs", "issuer": "org:lakeside-labs" }, "context": "The issuing account is the lab's and is independent of the supplier.", "expected": { "outcome": "ADMIT", "reason": "independent_issuer" }, "stopsAt": "Owner Commit / Durable Record", "tinorCoverage": "tested", "why": "The same content is admissible at a higher assurance level when the party with standing issues it." }, { "id": "a10-undeclared-field", "title": "An extra field claims verification", "input": "An integration posts the supplier's lead-time record with an added field \"verified\": true.", "candidate": { "target": "lead_time", "subject": "org:northfield-components", "value": "6", "unit": "week", "verified": true }, "context": "The target contract does not declare a 'verified' field.", "expected": { "outcome": "REFUSE", "reason": "field_not_declared" }, "stopsAt": "Assessment", "tinorCoverage": "tested", "why": "Assurance is derived from who issued what, not from a flag in the payload. Undeclared fields are refused, not ignored." } ] }